Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Amol Public Hospitals: A Brief Report

Background and purpose: Descriptive knowledge of the epidemiology of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) and their antibiotic resistance patterns is of great importance in evidence-based decision-making of physicians and health planners in a region. This study investigated the prevalence and resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Amol, north of Iran, 2018-2019. Materials and methods: In this descriptive analytical study, urine samples of 1465 patients in Imam Reza Hospital and 17 Shahrivar Hospital were examined. Bacterial species causing urinary tract infection were identified by standard microbiological methods. Bacterial resistance pattern was performed using Bauer disk diffusion method based on CLSI standard for different antibiotics and reported as resistant, susceptible and semi-susceptible. Data were analyzed using Stata 16. Results: In this study, 74.3% of the cases were women. E. coli (5.59%), Klebsiella spp. (14.6%), Enterococcus spp. (4.9%), and group D Streptococcus (3.3%) were the most common bacteria causing UTI. The highest resistance rates were found for cefotaxime against E. coli (39.4%), nitrofurantoin against Klebsiella spp. (60.7%), and clindamycin against Enterococcus spp. and Group D Streptococcus (77.8% and 71.4%, respectively). Conclusion: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance patterns were different. Physicians need to be informed of these and choose evidence-based treatment.